Court of International Trade — Judicial Business 2023

The geographic jurisdiction of the U.S. Court of International Trade extends throughout the United States. Most of the cases this court hears involve antidumping and countervailing duties, the classification and valuation of imported merchandise, actions to recover unpaid customs duties and civil penalties, and various actions arising generally under the tariff laws.

In 2023, this court reported 273 case filings, a decrease of 27 percent (down 100 cases). This reduction occurred as cases filed under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i), which were actions brought against the United States that mainly addressed tariff laws and the administration and enforcement of those laws, dropped from 167 in 2022 to 72 in 2023. Of the remaining cases filed this year, 84 were actions involving 1,273 denied protests covering 9,795 entries of merchandise under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(a), which applies to civil actions filed against the United States to contest the denial of protests under the Tariff Act of 1930. In addition, 111 cases filed under 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c) were actions brought against the United States to contest final determinations issued under the antidumping and countervailing duty laws.

In 2020, the court received a large number of cases that challenged additional duties imposed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i) on imports from the People’s Republic of China. Since that year, cases addressing these duties have declined, spurring the overall reduction in filings in this court.

Case terminations in 2023 declined 31 percent from 418 in 2022 to 290 in 2023. Pending cases remained stable, falling less than 1 percent to 4,628 in 2023. 

Filings were 22 percent higher in 2023 than in 2019. However, filings frequently vary from year to year because of fluctuations in cases arising from the agencies that are sources of filings in this court.

For data on filings in the U.S. Court of International Trade, see Table G-1.