Although alternatives to incarceration courts have existed in the state system for nearly 30 years, such courts are a relatively new phenomenon in the federal system. Recognizing the recent proliferation of ATI programs in the federal system, several districts that had been at the forefront of implementing these programs sought to contribute to the knowledge base about the effectiveness of such programs by collaborating on a research effort that quantifies the association of ATI program participation with short-term outcomes. Results suggest that defendants who participated in an ATI program exhibit outcomes more favorable than their matched counterparts who did not participate.