Key questions about the federal sex offender population explored in this article are what are the most common offense types under post-conviction supervision, how many have an official arrest or conviction record of offline contact sexual behavior, what are their general recidivism risk characteristics, and how frequently do these offenders reoffend or get revoked? The authors also discuss the federal judiciary's policy for supervising sex offenders, briefly summarize prior research on federal sex offenders, and present policy implications and directions for future research.